ipv4 – How do you calculate the prefix, network, subnet, and host numbers? – Network Engineering Stack Exchange https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/7106/how-do-you-calculate-the-prefix-network-subnet-and-host-numbers
Subnetting a Class C network address – TechRepublic https://www.techrepublic.com/article/subnetting-a-class-c-network-address/
The OSI Model Layers from Physical to Application https://www.lifewire.com/layers-of-the-osi-model-illustrated-818017
Common Questions and Answers on the OSI Network Model https://www.lifewire.com/the-osi-network-model-818016